California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District
Noland v. Land of the Free, L.P.
Sanctioned · 12 September 2025
SectorLegal
CountryUnited States
Document typeAppellate briefs
ConsequenceSanctioned
What was fabricated
21 of 23 quotes from cited cases were fabricated; briefs drafted with ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Grok.
What happened as a result
Attorney fined $10,000 — reported as the largest California sanction of its kind — for a frivolous appeal with fake citations.
Sources
- https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2025/09/chatgpt-lawyer-fine-ai-regulation/
- https://www.dailyjournal.com/articles/387652-state-court-of-appeal-issues-1st-opinion-sanctioning-lawyer-for-ai-hallucinations
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